καιρός

καιρός, ὁ,

A due measure, proportion, fitness (not in Hom.), καιρὸς δ' ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ἄριστος (which became a prov.) Hes.Op.694, Thgn. 401;

κ. παντὸς ἔχει κορυφάν Pi.P.9.78

;

κ. Χάριτος A.Ag.787

(anap.) (cf.

ὑποκάμπτω 11

); εἰ ὁ κ. ἦν σαφής the distinction, the point, E.Hipp. 386; ἡ ἀπορία ἔχει τινὰ κ. has some point or importance, Arist. Metaph.1043b25; καιροῦ πέρα beyond measure, unduly, A.Pr.507;

μείζων τοῦ κ. γαστήρ X.Smp.2.19

;

καιροῦ μεῖζον E.Fr.626

codd.; προσωτέρω or πορρωτέρω τοῦ κ., X.An.4.3.34, HG7.5.13; ὀξύτερα τοῦ κ. Pl.Plt.307b; νωθεστέρα τοῦ κ. ib.310e; ὑπερβάλλων τῇ φιλοτιμίᾳ τὸν κ. Plu.Ages.8, cf. Hp.Loc.Hom.44.

II of Place, vital part of the body (cf.

καίριος 1

),

ἐς καιρὸν τυπείς E.Andr.1120

.

III more freq. of Time, exact or critical time, season, opportunity, Χρόνου κ. S.El. 1292: usu. alone, κ. [ἐστιν] ἐν ᾧ Χρόνος οὐ πολὺς κτλ. Hp. Praec.<*>, cf. Chrysipp. et Archig. ap. Daremberg Notices etextr. des MSS. médicaux 1p.200;

κ. ὀξύς Hp.Aph.1.1

; κ. πρὸς ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχει 'time and tide wait for no man', Pi.P.4.286; κ. ὄλβου, = καίριος ὄλβος, Id.N.7.58; δηλοῦν, ὅ τι περ δύναται κ. Ar.Ec.576 codd. (sed leg. δύνασαι) ; τίνα κ. τοῦ παρόντος βελτίω ζητεῖτε; D.3.16; κ. δόσιος for giving, Hp.Acut.20; κ. τοῦ ποτισμοῦ, τῆς τρύγης, BGU1003.12 (iii B. C.), PStrassb.1.8 (V A. D.);

τὰ ἐκ τοῦ κ. προγινόμενα Plb.6.32.3

; καιρὸν παριέναι to let the time go by, Th.4.27 (so in pl.,

τοὺς κ. παριέναι Pl.R.374c

;

τοὺς κ. ὑφαιρεῖσθαι Aeschin.3.66

);

κ. τῶν πραγμάτων τοῖς ἐναντίοις καθυφιέναι καὶ προδοῦναι D.19.6

; καιροῦ ([etym.] τοῦ κ.)

τυχεῖν E.Hec. 593

, Pl.Lg.687a, Men.Mon.281;

καιρὸν εἰληφέναι Lys.13.6

(but

καιρὸς ἐλάμβανε Th.2.34

; cf.

καιροῦ διδόντος Lib.Or.45.7

);

καιροῦ λαβέσθαι Luc.Tim.13

;

καιρὸν ἁρπάσαι Plu.Phil.15

;

κ. τηρεῖν Arist.Rh. 1382b11

;

καιρῷ Χρήσασθαι Plu.Pyrrh.7

; καιρῷ Χειμῶνος ξυλλαβέσθαι co-operate with the occurrence of a storm, Pl.Lg.709c; ἔχει κ. τι it happens in season, Th.1.42, etc.; κ. ἔχειν τοῦ εὖ οἰκεῖν to be the chief cause of . ., Pl.R.421a;

ὑμέας καιρός ἐστι προβοηθῆσαι Hdt.8.144

, cf. A.Pr.523, etc.;

νῦν κ. ἔρδειν S.El.1368

: sts. c. Art.,

ἀλλ' ἔσθ' ὁ κ . . . ξένους . . τυγχάνειν τὰ πρόσφορα A.Ch.710

;

ὁ κ. ἐστι μὴ μέλλειν ἔτι Ar. Th.661

, cf.Pl.255.

b adverbial phrases, ἐς καιρόν in season, Hdt. 7.144, E.Tr.744, etc.;

ἐς κ. ἐπείγεσθαι Hdt.4.139

; ἐς αὐτὸν κ. S.Aj. 1168; εἰς δέοντα κ. Men.Sam.294;

ἐν καιρῷ A.Pr.381

, Th.4.59, etc.;

ἐν κ. τινί Pl.Cri.44a

;

ἐπὶ καιροῦ D.19.258

, 20.90, etc.;

κατὰ καιρόν Pi.I.2.22

;

ὥς οἱ κατὰ κ. ἦν Hdt.1.30

(but also οἱ κατὰ κ. ἡγεμόνες in office at the time, BGU15.10 (ii A. D.), etc.); παρὰ τῷ ἐντυχόντι αἰεὶ καὶ λόγου καὶ ἔργου κ. Th.2.43;

πρὸς καιρόν S.Aj.38

, Tr.59, etc.;

σὺν καιρῷ Plb.2.38.7

: without Preps.,

καιρῷ S.OT1516

; καιρόν, abs., S.Aj.34, E.Fr.495.9 (in [comp] Comp. form καιρότερον, Achae.49); κ. γὰρ οὐδὲν ἦλθες E Hel.479; opp. ἀπὸ καιροῦ out of season, Pl.Tht.187e;

ἄνευ καιροῦ Id.Ep.339d

;

παρὰ καιρόν Pi.O.8.24

, E.IA8co (lyr.), Pl. Plt.277a; πρὸ καιροῦ prematurely, A.Ag.365 (anap.); ἐπὶ καιροῦ also means on the spur of the moment,

ἐπὶ κ. λέγειν Plu.Dem.8

, cf. Art.5;

ἐξενεγκεῖν πόλεμον Id.Ant.6

.

2 season, πᾶσιν καιροῖς at all seasons of the year, IG14.1018, cf. LXX Ge.1.14, Ph.1.13, Porph. ap. Eus.PE3.11; κ. ἔτους, later Gr. for [dialect] Att. ὥρα ἔτους, acc. to Moer.424; time of day, Philostr.VA6.14.

b critical times, periodic states,

καιροὶ σωμάτων Arist.Pol.1335a41

.

3 generally, time, period,

κατὰ τὸν κ. τοῦτον Plb.27.1.7

;

κατ' ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ Conon 3

, al.: more freq. in pl., κατὰ τούτους τοὺς κ. Arist.Ath.23.2, al., cf. Plb.2.39.1; τὰ κατὰ καιρούς chronological sequence of events, Id.5.33.5; ἐν τοῖς πάλαι, ἐντοῖς μεταξὺ κ., Phld.Rh.1.28,363 S.

4 in pl., οἱ καιροί the times, i. e. the state of affairs, freq. in bad sense, ἐν τοῖς μεγίστοις κ. at the most critical times, X.HG6.5.33, cf. D.20.44;

περιστάντων τῇ πόλει κ. δυσκόλων IG22.682.33

, etc.: also in sg., X.An.3.1.44, D.17.9; ὁ ἔσχατος κ. extreme danger, Plb.29.27.12, etc.;

καιρῷ δουλεύειν AP9.441

(Pall.).

IV advantage, profit, τινος of or from a thing, Pi.O.2.54, P.1.57; εἴ τοι ἐς κ. ἔσται ταῦτα τελεόμενα to his advantage, Hdt.1.206; ἐπὶ σῷ κ. S.Ph.151 (lyr.); τίνα κ. με διδάσκεις; A.Supp.1060 (lyr.); τί σοι καιρὸς . . καταλείβειν; what avails it . .? E.Andr.131 (lyr.); τίνος εἵνεκα καιροῦ; D.23.182; οὗ κ. εἴη where it was convenient or advantageous, Th.4.54; ᾗ κ. ἦν ib.90; Χωρίον μετὰ μεγίστων κ. οἰκειοῦταί τε καὶ πολεμοῦται with the greatest odds, the most critical results, Id.1.36.

V Pythag. name for seven, Theol.Ar. 44.